They were meant as a defense against a hostile population after the 1066 invasion. after William of Normandy's conquest, then they sprang up over the whole of the UK.
Prior to the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066, there were already a few of these in Britain.
We start from the 11th Century, with the formation of the Norman Motte and Baily, basically earthen works surrounded by timber defenses. Agent: Julian Alexander, LAW (U.K.).This is an informative subject about the rise of the Castle in the UK. 8 pages of color illus., two maps, and two family trees. Readable, authoritative, and remarkably nuanced, Morris’s history is sublime.
In England, William and the Normans ended slavery, dispossessed the English ruling elite of their lands, ushered in an architectural revolution, zealously reformed the Church, and savagely starved the north into submission. Nevertheless, after Edward’s death, Harold snatched the crown, setting in motion William’s invasion and his own death at the supremely gory Battle of Hastings. Yet to Godwine’s chagrin, Edward chose William as his successor in return for his loyalty. Morris (A Great and Terrible King) brilliantly revisits the Norman Conquest, “the single most important event in English history,” by following the body-strewn fortunes of its key players: England’s King Edward the Confessor his hated father-in-law and England’s premier earl, Godwine Harold II, the prior’s son and England’s last Anglo-Saxon king and Edward’s cousin William, the fearsome duke of Normandy, known by contemporaries as “the Bastard” and by posterity as “the Conqueror.” Miraculously surviving a Viking invasion, exile, the death of six older half-brothers (from battle, illness, and execution), and his mother’s perfidies, Edward-a descendant of Alfred the Great-took the English crown but was dominated by his father-in-law.
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